Single-blind randomized clinical trial to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes after one year of immediate versus delayed implant placement supporting full-arch prostheses

Purpose: To evaluate and compare peri-implant health, marginal bone loss and success of immediate and delayedimplant placement for rehabilitation with full-arch fixed prostheses.Material and Methods: The present study was a prospective, randomized, single-blind, clinical preliminary trial.Patients were randomized into two treatment groups. In Group A implants were placed immediately post-extraction and in Group B six months after extraction. The following control time-points were established: one week,six months and twelve months after loading. Measurements were taken of peri-implant crevicular fluid volume,plaque index, gingival retraction, keratinized mucosa, probing depth, modified gingival index and presence ofmucositis. Implant success rates were evaluated for the two groups. The study sample included fifteen patients(nine women and six men) with a mean average age of 63.7 years. One hundred and forty-four implants wereplaced: 76 placed in healed sites and 68 placed immediately.Results: At the moment of prosthetic loading, keratinized mucosa width and probing depth were higher in immediate implants than delayed implants, with statistically significant differences. However, after six and twelvemonths, differences between groups had disappeared. Bone loss was 0.54 ± 0.39 mm for immediate implants and0.66 ± 0.25 mm for delayed implants (p=0.201). No implants failed in either group.Conclusions: The present study with a short follow-up and a small sample yielded no statistically significant differences in implant success and peri-implant marginal bone loss between immediate and delayed implants withfixed full-arch prostheses. Peri-implant health showed no statistically significant differences for any of the studiedparameters (crevicular fluid volume, plaque index, gingival retraction, keratinized mucosa, probing depth, modifiedgingival index and presence of mucositis) at the twelve-month follow-up.