Early Biological Response of an Ultra-Hydrophilic Implant Surface Activated by Salts and Dry Technology: An In-Vitro Study

Abstract: The use of dental implants has grown over the years and has led to higher success rates. Tofurther enhance surgical outcomes, many research groups and companies have shifted their focus tosurfaces roughness, wettability and chemistry. In a recent study a new dry salt bioactivate surfacehas been described from a chemical and physical point of view. The aim of this study is to evaluatethe osteogenic response of pre-osteoblast cell lines to dry bioactivated surface. MC3T3-E1 osteogeniccell lines were cultured on SM (sandblasted and dual acid-etched surface) and HNS (SM surfacewith dry salts bioactive technology). Cell adhesion assay, proliferation assay and cell morphologywere performed. Osteogenic activity was performed using Alizarin Red S and alkaline phosphatase.The results showed that SM surface determines a slighter but significant increase in cell adhesionand proliferation in a shorter time compared to HNS. On the contrary, HNS surface has long andintertwining filopodia that could be a response to surface HNS-topography that results in a higherstage of differentiation. The nature of the HNS surface is more prone to determine massive depositionof calcium minerals. This study is the first investigating the role of this interesting dry-salts bioactivesurface during the first phase of healing and its potential biochemical advantage could be validatedby future animal studies with the aim of evaluate the rate of bone implant contact in the early stagesof healing