BACKGROUND & AIMS: Understanding the temporal association and relative power of anthropometric, body composition and energy metabolism measurements of calorie restriction (CR) in predicting metabolic and hormonal adaptations isimportant, given the clinical and public health implications of excess weight and adiposity.METHODS: Anthropometric (body weight, BMI, waist circumference), body composition (body fat and lean mass byDXA), energy metabolism (leptin and total daily energy intake by doubly labelled water [DLW]) markers and an extensiveassessment of cardiometabolic, inflammatory and hormonal risk factors were obtained in 191, 21–50 year old non-obese (BMI22·0–27·9 kg/m²) women and men, who participated in the 2-yr CALERIE randomized clinical trial. Pairwise correlationsfor each adiposity and energy metabolism measure were calculated against each other and against each metabolic parameter.In addition, spline and linear regression models were developed to determine a threshold effect of adiposity and energymetabolism measures to trigger changes in metabolic parameters.RESULTS: Among the progressively more sophisticated measures of adiposity, body weight is the variable that is moststrongly correlated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes during CR-induced weight loss in young and middleaged non-obese men and women. Waist circumference and DXA body fat are not superior to body weight or BMI in detectingthese biological modifications. We did not find a specific threshold in weight loss to be exceeded for changes in metabolicand inflammatory adaptations to occur. Even small reductions in body weight cause a significant decline in serum T3 levels,a predictor of post-CR weight regain.CONCLUSIONS: Calorie restriction with adequate nutrition causes multiple beneficial cardiometabolic and hormonaladaptations that are linearly related with the degree of weight loss in non-obese individuals. Once a baseline has beenestablished, tracking changes in body weight is sufficient to monitor improvements in metabolic health.
Calorie restriction causes multiple beneficial metabolic adaptations linearly related with the degree of weight loss in non-obese individuals: Results of CALERIE, a multicenter randomised controlled trial
Veronese, Nicola;
2022-01-01
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Understanding the temporal association and relative power of anthropometric, body composition and energy metabolism measurements of calorie restriction (CR) in predicting metabolic and hormonal adaptations isimportant, given the clinical and public health implications of excess weight and adiposity.METHODS: Anthropometric (body weight, BMI, waist circumference), body composition (body fat and lean mass byDXA), energy metabolism (leptin and total daily energy intake by doubly labelled water [DLW]) markers and an extensiveassessment of cardiometabolic, inflammatory and hormonal risk factors were obtained in 191, 21–50 year old non-obese (BMI22·0–27·9 kg/m²) women and men, who participated in the 2-yr CALERIE randomized clinical trial. Pairwise correlationsfor each adiposity and energy metabolism measure were calculated against each other and against each metabolic parameter.In addition, spline and linear regression models were developed to determine a threshold effect of adiposity and energymetabolism measures to trigger changes in metabolic parameters.RESULTS: Among the progressively more sophisticated measures of adiposity, body weight is the variable that is moststrongly correlated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes during CR-induced weight loss in young and middleaged non-obese men and women. Waist circumference and DXA body fat are not superior to body weight or BMI in detectingthese biological modifications. We did not find a specific threshold in weight loss to be exceeded for changes in metabolicand inflammatory adaptations to occur. Even small reductions in body weight cause a significant decline in serum T3 levels,a predictor of post-CR weight regain.CONCLUSIONS: Calorie restriction with adequate nutrition causes multiple beneficial cardiometabolic and hormonaladaptations that are linearly related with the degree of weight loss in non-obese individuals. Once a baseline has beenestablished, tracking changes in body weight is sufficient to monitor improvements in metabolic health.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
