Esame obiettivo dell'articolazione femoro-rotulea | Clinical examination of the patello-femoral joint

Diagnosis of patello-femoral disorders can be extremely difficult as they recognize a multifactorial pathogenesis. However, most of these conditions may be detected by an accurate patient history and a correct clinical examination. Imaging atone is not always sufficient to make a precise diagnosis but in association with clinical exam is essential to plan a proper treatment. Physical examination includes evaluation of the extensor mechanism and of the entire lower limb and must be performed with patient in four positions: standing, seated, supine, and prone. Inspection and palpation are important as they may detect malalignment, tenderness or swelling. Moreover several specific tests for patella and extensor mechanism are available and allow for a precise diagnosis.